preamble
preamble
From textbooks of a history known, how tragically developed events of a beginning of the Second World War. Armies of Germany is lightning smashed the French army, have grasped Belgium and Holland, have forced to be declined before itself of an army many others of the states. In any of half-year Hitler became the owner of Western Europe - from the Atlantic Ocean up to the Soviet borders. In his hands, there was enormous military power of Germany, Italy, Finland, Austria, France, Belgium, Norway, Balkan countries.
Drunk by easy victories in West, Гитлер on June 22, 1941 by all forces has fallen on USSR. The shaken humanity, having concealed breath, watched grandiose fight developed in East, in which Soviet armies order bloody defend fights.
In the uniform order with all Soviet people heroically battled citizens of our city against fascists. Shakhtiniens with pride can tell that they have brought worthy contribution to a victory above an enemy, that they have given famous names of many heroes - warriors, heroes - partisans and heroes of rear of the native Land.
WAR!
WAR!
Since the first days of war there was a task: to organize the people on struggle with an enemy, to reconstruct municipal economy on the military aspect, to carry out mass mobilization of human and material resources, having directed them to help to front.
Hundreds and thousand shakhtiniens different age and different trades immediately as it became known about the beginning of war, are were directed in Shakhty city' post of mobilization with the request to send them on front as volunteers. V. Medvedev wrote in the application: "I ask to enlist me as volunteer in WPRA, as I wish up to last drop of blood to struggle with impudent enemy for a celebration of communism". By one of first insisted on it the worker of mine "Krasnenkaia" А. Doronina, students of a mining technical school Tatiana Trofimenko and Nadeghda Urbanovich and many - many others patriots - Shakhtiniens.
In lavas and niches of mines, the rise of labor enthusiasm was observed. The miners precisely and self-denyingly worked everyone on his post and with it forged a victory. The figures of super scheduled coal tons began to grow with each day and unprecedented speed.
The miners successfully combined trades, introduced in manufacture high-speed methods of a coal extraction. Now they aspired to, that with smaller number of the workers to give more coal. Worker-mechanic Lubichev of mine "Artem" one worked for a three. Combining work of the mechanic, itself repaired vrubovuyu machine and on 200-250 % carried out norm worker-mechanic Zinoviev.
Drivers of electric locomotives on mine by "10 years for industrialization" considerably have condensed the working day that allowed them together to increase productivity of machines.
High efficiency of work the miners of mine "October revolution", per the first days of war carrying out norms have shown within the limits of 170-270 %.
"We - are miners of mine carrying a great and proud name of October revolution, all forces, all energy pay on business of the further increase of productivity of work, establishment of iron discipline, - the miners swore, - we shall give to our fatherland as much coal as much it is required".
June 25 the daily tasks mine "Frunze" was fulfilled on 111,5 %, mine "New - Azov" - 110,7 % , "Komsomolskaia pravda" - 109,7 % ,"Northern" - 105,7 %.
Samples good work demonstrated workers of 9-th state sewing factory. They also are significant fulfilled of the plan.
Difficulties and the failures of the Soviet Army per initial weeks of war did not discourage and did not frighten our people. On the contrary, they quench their battle spirit, released from mood of calmness, learned to a severe science of hatred to an enemy. Day after day, became is more strong iron discipline of work on mines and in establishments. There were no truancies and the delay on work without valid excuse (here cannot be forgotten, that it was time, when for delay on work the man judged and sentenced to long period of stay in prison. - rem. SAM). Life included the imperous law of military time not suffering carelessness somebody. From life of the administrative personnel have disappeared the elements of calmness, red tape, and bureaucratism (one accusation of a delay of acceptance of the decision could be accounted as deliberate, and it executed is severe, under the law of military time. - rem. SAM).
In unprofitable conditions summer period of war in 1941 the cities habitants, as well as all people, have shown endurance, courageously transferred горечь of the compelled deviation of our army.
The miners - pensioners began to come back to native mines. Replacing battling at the front, have risen in build on battle duty of thousand old miners.
The worthy warriors-husbands, brothers and children there were women of our city. The women - housekeepers have begun to work on manufacture to replace the workers, leaving on front, and employees. On meeting of workers mine "New - Azov" the voice of householder Belikova sounded: "We, householders, - she has told, - in reply to an impudent attack of the fascists, we shall go work to help mines fulfill the plan of coal production".
Patriot's appeal was accepted and is unanimously approved by miner-women.
The next day 48 women, living in area mine "New - Azovka", have initiated work, that have brought the contribution to common work miner's of collective. On many mines the study on development of miner's trades by women began. At mine) by Krasin' the rates on preparation of the women - suppliers, drivers of winches and electro mechanics have opened. 43 women passed the same rates on mine "October revolution" and 50 - on mine "Komsomolskaia pravda". Hundreds women began to work the cleaners of breed, fasteners, supervisors on piling of paths.
The wide scope was started by work on the collection metallically garbage, representing the necessary raw material for a defensive industry (it the pioneers - they were engaged then - helped front. Now - adults cut wires and cables, too try - front make. rem. SAM).
It is many noticeable pages were added in the battle annals of remarkable traditions of our city.
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All people admired with courage of the train carload foreman Kamenolomni' reserve P. Evtukhova. It was told about his feat in the message of Soviet Informbureau from July 21, 1941. Evtukhov accompanied a urgent military cargo. Passing without stops by one of stations, Evtukhov has noticed heating of frictionless bearing. For elimination of heating the stop of a train was required, that would break the diagram of movement on all site, has detained progress of the important cargo. The foreman Evtukhov has not allowed it. He by a belt and wire has adhered himself to a board of a platform and with risk for life on the move trains has removed strong heating bearing. Were in a trailing situation, he on all of a way up to destination watched for faulty bearing, gave the amplified greasing. With it he has ensured fast progress of a urgent military cargo in destination.
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In the summer - autumn of 1941 fascists, using the temporary superiority in engineering, have grasped a significant part of Baltic, Byelorussia, managed on right edge to Ukraine, threatened to Leningrad and other, vital industrial centers of the Soviet Union.
There was a threat to occupation of the Don territory. In this connection the evacuation deep into countries of the large enterprises of area and city, all valuable equipment of mines began. By October, 1941 this action was completed basically.
The affinity of front imposed on the population of city the special duties and cares. Per the first months of war City council together with district councils have solved the problem about local air defense.
The measures on transformation of each mine into the enterprises, each house and city as a whole in a unapproachable fortress were developed.
In new conditions of direct military threat city committee of a party and committee of a defense of city in December 1941 have accepted the decision about a structure of defense of strengthening around of city. The city dwellers urgently have begun creation of obstacles complicating progress of an enemy and facilitating a task of the maximal destruction of alive force and battle engineering of the opponent. Taking into account, that the enemy had advantage in tanks, were under construction, first, huge deep ditch and points of fire. In city were erected more than 60 barriers.
By spring of 1942, the construction of long-time underground hot-fire dot came to an end. To destinations, the portable obstacles for their fastening were delivered. The complete masking fire points both digging of trench begun in 1941 ended.
The population of city has found out complete understanding of conditions and has answered measures of city authorities amicable entering on defensive construction. Much of the citizens, are significant fulfill given volume of work on everyone - 45 cubes of earthen works.
The famous women of our city deserved the original admiration.
They have made 95 % of all labor force engaged in construction of defense strengthening. In hardest conditions, distracting from the home, in a frost, snowstorm, spring impassability of roads, they until 5-10 km. went on foot daily. Withstanding heavy physical work and replacing the men leaving on front, the women have made a some hundreds of cubic meters of earthen works.
Simultaneously in city, the defensive measures on increase of vigilance and struggle with possible implementation parachute troopers of an enemy were carried out. The round-the-clock watch on protection of bridges, sources of water supply, high-voltage lines and other important objects was organized.
The city' dwellers with enthusiasm have responded to an appeal to create groups national armored groups to block a way to an enemy, torn deep into native land. As soon as became known on mine by 20 years WPRA, that in city and the areas have begun to be organized armored groups national, in a party began to act the applications with the request to enlist in these numbers. The applications wrote miners, mechanics. They were brought also former red partisans, housekeepers, fathers, by the mothers and wife of warriors. In party committee of mine was 59-year's woman Varvara Misnik - the mother to six soldiers of Red Army. The courageous woman has declared, that advanced age not the handicap and persistently asked to enlist her in national armored group. The request of Varvara Misnik' was satisfied. For one only day in party committee of mine "Proletarian dictatorship" more than 300 applications from the miners have arrived.
Shakhty's lived by the intense battle life of the population of front city. City council of Society of contributing of army of aircraft and fleet (Osoaviahim - rus. abbr.) carried out wide military training of the workers and population of city by teaching all (Vseobuch - rus. abbr).
Two groups have developed the work on nurse's preparation and two groups on preparation sanitary workers. The donor movement developed in city widely.
The maintenance of front all by growing continuous and reliable material support was one of the first cares of all city public. The city workers quickly and amicably realized the tickets of a money-ware lottery. Only in January, 1942 shakhtiniens have got of the tickets of a lottery for the sum 839 thousand rubles. The final subscription has made the sum in 1005 thousand rubles.
The workers and the city' serving have collected and have brought from the labor savings on construction of battle engineering 2, 5 million rubles and the sum 2,3 million rubles the bonds only on construction of one tank column "Komsomolets of Don ". Komsomoltsi order active work on service owners of the bonds, inviting of the contributions in savings banks. The pupils and pioneers of city carried out working days in Sunday.
The part of means collected from realization of "working days in Sunday", was paid in fund of construction of a tank column by name "Komsomola".
The tax of warm things was organized and actively passed for the defense counsels of a native Land. On January 25, 1942 all was handed on special stores more 20 thousand different warm things.
The pupils of city have supported the initiative of organizations of Rostov-on-Don under the tax of warm clothes for children living in areas, injured of German occupation. Answering on start Rostov' komsomoltsev, the touching act was made by the pupil of 1-st class Artem' elementary school 56 Victor Gormonov. "I give to children, injured from Hitler' gangsters, my shirt, cap, two textbooks, two torches and one kg of bacon - were written by he in the letter inverted to the comrades on a class bench, - and I call all my colleagues to follow to my example".
Not withered glory has covered itself thousand shakhtiniens, battling on fronts of 2-th world war. They could be met on boundary fasts, under Smolensk and Moscow, Leningrad and Odessa, Sevastopol and Stalingrad, on a Kursk arch and under Berlin.
29 shakhtiniens for courage and bravery shown in fights c German-fascist soldiers, the ranks of the Heroes of the Soviet Union were awarded - the highest award in our country.
Among them as first under the right should be named the name Aleksander Gorovets - former pilot - instructor Shakhty' air club, and during war of the pilot of a fighter of 166 air squad. The pupil of the Ulyanovsk school Society of contributing of army of aircraft and fleet he was not only highly skilled instructor, but also active komsomolets by the leader-secretary of komsomol organization of air club. 1939 shakhty's have rendered him high trust, having selected the deputy of a October district council. Since 1942 Aleksander Gorovets at the front, and July 13, 1943 in area of village Green court yard of the Belgorod area he has made unprecedented, in a history of military aircraft, the feat (this feat and remains unique in all history of military aircraft. - rem. SAM). Having found out 20 fascist bombers, flied to drop bombes on our positions, he tried to inform about it in a control station, but radio has left out of operation. Then he has accepted the courageous decision - to enter unequal fight. He has brought down in one air fight 9 (!)enemy planes. The history of air battles did not know such feat, but hero was perished also.
The glory marks a battle way of the sea pilot, Dmitry Tatarenko. The inquisitive pupil of school • З, taking a great interest radio, music, aircraft Dmitry Tatarenko became a thunder-storm for the pilots of luftwaffe. To the beginning of May, 1944 he has made 550 battle starts, has carried out 102 air fights, has brought down 14 planes personally and 8 in group. To a pilot - fighter the captain of guards Dmitry Tatarenko the rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union was appropriated. The president of USA T. Rusvelt personally has awarded Dmitry Tatarenko By the American award "Sea cross" for battle, joint actions with the American and allied pilots.
This list of names and feats shakhtiniens could occupy many pages in the annals of 2 Great war. Among them the Heroes of the Soviet Union: the commander of an airlink lieutenant Kosenko, commander of the tank the sergeant Vasiuta, commander of the battery of guards senior lieutenant Egorov, commander of squad Shopin, commander of an air squadron lieutenant Kapustnikov, commander of a platoon the sergeant Pershikov, commander of the battery senior lieutenant Tatarkin, commander of an airlink senior lieutenant Shapkin, commander of an airlink the captain Andreenko, pilot - instructor the senior sergeant Prokofiev, the commander of the cannon Miroshnikov, Prokofiev, Pulniy, Kolesnikov, Kitayev, Orlov, Misin, Galushkin, Kovzan, Kaulko, Mazurenko, Phediunin, Boyko, Shchepkin, Dranishchev, Popov, Zayiakin, Semernikov.
Heroically battled shakhtiniens and in rear at Germans, in groups of partisans, in battle groups of movement of resistance.
The war has the severe laws. 1942 all necessary, military-political and economic conditions for a decisive victory above Germany were not created yet. The summer of 1942 the danger has hung above Russia.
In second half of July the approach of German armies to Rostov-on-Don began and July 23 to the fascists managed to take possession of this important strategic item in the south of the country and administrative centre of our region.
The Shakhty city was seized by german-fascist armies of July 21.
For the inhabitants of our city there has come black days of fascist slavery.
For realization in life of policy of a total terror against the peace population, with the purpose to intimidate it and to stop any attempts of resistance, to finish with the party and Soviet active workers, fascists create a network of retaliatory links: military office, Gestapo, auxiliary group of Gestapo, secret field police (GFP) and management of police with four branches. In city the mass reprisals have begun and execute.
The city dwellers by the whole families were arrested and were shot without court and consequence. By places execute the Soviet people became of stone and sandy career in area of station Kamenolomni, farm Popovka and Vlasova, Ayuta, the executions were made also in beams and steppe' channels, in area of a Mountain wood.
Further to hide traces of the crimes, is especial after rout of German army under Сталинградом, the chastisers have adapted for executions a trunk of mine by Krasina. In a pit of mine have found to itself a tomb about 3500 men.
During occupation fascists of Shakhty city, as a special commission ascertained it, was killed, hacked by famine, shot 13854 men.
In Shakhty city, underground communists groups, komsomol and pioneer youth, children of the miners at this time worked.
The specific conditions of the Rostov area - huge concentration of german-fascist armies (affinity of front), and also steppe open district - did not give opportunities to work partisans with large parts or whole connections, as it was, for example, in Byelorussia, Bryansk area or separate places of Ukraine. In our area worked, mainly, small partisan groups.
With arrival fascists in city, beginning to develop and Shakhty' underground. Its organizers and participants became children of Russia - Klimenko, Kholodov, Gudkov, Evlakhov, Kudinov, Sosnenko, Tkachenko, Phisunov, Meshkova and others. By the activity they, first, aspired to strengthen in the people belief in a final celebration of struggle of the Soviet people with a German fascism, to give to them stability and courage before the face of the severe tests which have dropped out on their share, to organize the miners for active struggle with fascists. Many from them became victims of Shakhty tragedy.
Have given back the life: Volokitin, Sapalnikov, Vasilenko, Kudinov, Belko, Zimina and many others shakhtiniens are - real patriots of the Native land.
By the decree of Presidium of the Supreme Council of USSR - Evlakhov, Klimenko, Kholodov, Meshkova, were awarded by death with awards of Domestic war of the second degree.. Their names named now streets, prospectuses, palace of culture of miner's city.
One of the forms of struggle shakhtiniens with german-fascist capturers was failure of coal production, which tried to organize on mines of city military authority. By force of the weapon, they forced the miners to be lowered in mines to adjust their destroyed facilities. However, the results of efforts of German authorities were more than are modest. For 7 months they managed to restore some fine mines, in which was extracted all about 170-200 coal tons per day.
Attempts to restore and to let in operation such large mines, as "10 years FI", Petrovski', "October revolution", Vorovski' have terminated in a uttermost failure. The population miner's of settlements sabotaged all measures of German authorities.
Propagation of Gebbels wailed about creation of "second East Ruhr".
Suffered crash fascists plans concerning a compulsory set of a labour for a sending in Germany.
The rout of German armies begun at November 19, 1942 under Stalingrad has passed in powerful approach of Red Army on more than on 1500 km front from Voronezh up to Caucasus. It was the radical crisis during war - steady mass exile of an enemy from our ground.
Long-awaited freedom has come, at last, and on native Don ground, February 11, 1945 armies of Southern front, with which Malinovski head, send on approaches to city of Shakhty.
City released 258 shooting division, with which the colonel Levin lead..
Still there were fights in streets of city, and already there was a task - faster to restore destroyed by fascists a facilities, to adjust manufacture, that by work to help Red Army faster to expel fascist capturers from our ground. Moreover, to undertake it was necessary for much. Receding, the fascists have resulted in unsuitability all hardware of mines: drums, elevating machines, sorting, ventilator' installations, pump' equipment, electric-power facilities, over mine buildings.
Since August, 1942 and till February, 1943, german-fascists is amplified and regularly took out from mines the equipment, stock, coal. Only coal best marks was plundered on the enterprises of trust "Shakhtantracit" of 164 867 tons. The total sum of damage caused to the enterprises of trust "by control" German, has made 121.204.109 rubles in prewar calculation.
In city fascists burned also have blown up buildings of drama theatre, house of a polygraphist, mountain technical school, premise of old hospital, and also the buildings of trust " Shakhtantracit " and MVD (militia), have destroyed two steam mills and 2 power stations, have caused serious damage to many schools, 4 of them have destroyed and burned. Were given in unsuitability water' pumps of a structure of a waterpipe, the railway station is burnt and the traveling facilities is destroyed, other destructions are caused. The common damage put to city by occupation, has made 296.889.634 rubles.
Nevertheless, due to heroic work of the miners, diverse organizing work of party, Soviet, public and economic organizations in 1945 on combine "Rostovugol" were restored and 11 large basic and average mines are handed over in partial operation, many of which have come in build considerably before prospective term. So, mine by "October revolution", was handed over in operation of the 2 of May, 1943, i.e. for 30 days before a target date, mine "Komsomolskaia pravda" was put by the 17 of May, 1943 - for 14 days before the certain term, and the mine "Krasnenkaia" began work of April 22, 1943, though it was supposed to let it only by May 1.
Within 1944 was given coal in 2,5 times more, than in 1943, and in 1945 - in 6,2 times it is more. July, 1945 the daily coal production already made 62 % of prewar level. In effect, the completely industrial coal area was constructed anew.
May 9, 1945 the holiday of a Victory has come on the Soviet ground. Was finished proceeding continuously within 1418 days and night unprecedented in a history warrior' and labour feat. The Soviet Union has gained a great military victory. And though already has passed more than half of century of time, which separates us from day victory' of the termination of Great Domestic war, the feat of our people appears in the increasing greatness.
Each time, when the holiday of a Victory approaches, old men - shakhtiniens, veterans can with pride tell, that they with honor have executed the duty to a native Land, having given it of the heroes of front, rear and partisan of struggle.
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